Cleft lip and cleft palate occur when tissues in the babys face and mouth dont fuse properly. A cleft palate is an opening of the hard palate the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth or the soft palate the muscular nonbony region in the rear of the roof of the mouth. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose. Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth. A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose.
A child with a cleft lip or palate can have feeding and speech problems. Like cleft lip, cleft palate also can occur on one or both sides of the top of the mouth. Similar splits can occur in the roof of the mouth or palate. Cleft lip and cleft palate are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other factors, such as things the mother comes in contact with in her environment, or what the mother eats or drinks, or certain medications she uses during pregnancy. Cleft palate and cleft lip, also referred to as orofacial defects, are birth defects that affect more than 7,000 babies in the united states every year, according to the centers for disease control. Problems with genes passed down from 1 or both parents, drugs, viruses, or other toxins can all cause these birth defects. Etiology, epidemiology, preventive and intervention. The exact reason why this happens to some babies is often unclear. It may involve lip only, lip and palate and palate only.
Communication disorders associated with cleft palate. A cleft lip may be on one or both sides of the upper lip. The approach is to interfere with clo sure in some specific way, on the assump tion that if process x is blocked, and the cleft palate follows, process x is necessary for palate closure. Cleft palate, with or without cleft lip, represents one of the most common birth defects observed in humans, occurring in approximately 1 in 700 live births. Cleft lippalate american college of prosthodontists. We dont always know what causes cleft lip and palate, but things likes smoking, having diabetes and taking certain medicines can increase risk. Cleft lip is a birth defect in which the parts of the face that form the upper lip remain split, instead of sealing together before birth. The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle. Cleft lip and cleft palate symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Clp can occur in isolation or as part of a broad range of chromosomal, mendelian or teratogenic syndromes. The palate is the roof of the mouth, with the bony hard palate at the front of the mouth and the muscular soft palate at the back.
Right complete cleft lip l left incomplete cleft lip. Surgery is necessary to correct cleft lip and cleft palate. Cleft lip and cleft palate what are cleft lip and cleft palate. The cleft can occur on one or both sides of the lip. The next most common form is a one sided complete cleft of the lip and palate and the rarest form is a bilateral double cleft lip and palate.
Epidemiologic factors causing cleft lip and palate and their. They can occur as an isolated condition, or may be one component of an inherited disease or syndrome. This chapter is a comprehensive overview regarding the treatment of cleft lip and palate clp patients. A cleft palate is the condition in which the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose. For more information on cleft lip and palate or the treatment pathway, check our treatment section, or use our search page to look through the entire site. A cleft lip occurs when there is a split or opening in the lip. Cleft lip and cleft palate american dental association. Original article the relationship between cleft lip and palate children. For example bilateral completer cleft of lip and palate lahsal.
Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects that occur when a babys lip or mouth do not form properly. Etiology and pathogenesis of congenital cleft lip and cleft. Cleft lip and palate may occur along with other syndromes or birth defects. A cleft lip and or palate are birth defects affecting the roof of the mouth, alveolar process, and or upper lip. It can include cleft palate that is a congenital fissure of the soft and or hard palate, due to faulty fusion icd 9 code 749. Cleft lip is a congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominence. In most cases, the cause of cleft lip and cleft palate is unknown. A baby can have a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.
The cec also draws on the literature of cleft lip and palate outcomes,5 as well as the experience of the cec team members. A typical care plan timetable for cleft lip and palate is. Mending faces was founded in 2010 by a passionate, highly experienced group of medical professionals and others to make a lifechanging difference for children born with facial deformities in the philippines. A cleft lip and palate is a congenital condition, in which part of a babys mouth is not joined up during fetal development, resulting in a split or open space cleft in the lip or palate.
The incidence of cleft lip and palate is approximately l in 800 live births in ireland. Although there has been marked progress in identifying genetic and environmental triggers for syndromic clp, the aetiology of the more common non. This opening can be small or large enough to connect the upper lip and nose. The goals of treatment for the child with a cleft lippalate are. Its very unlikely to have been caused by anything you did or did not do during pregnancy. Aug, 2019 children with clefts will have a care plan tailored to meet their individual needs. Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip, cleft palate, and both together. For more information on cleft lip and palate or the treatment pathway, check our treatment section, or. In summary, there are many variables that impact the presence, type, and severity of communication disorders in individutable 351. Cleft lip or palate refers to the separation due to nonfusion of the tissues of the upper lip and palate or roof of the mouth. A cleft lip or palate happens when the structures that form the upper lip or palate fail to join together when a baby is developing in the womb. If the tissue in the developing mouth and the palate dont fuse together, a baby could be born with a condition called cleft lip or cleft palate. The most common cleft type was incomplete cleft palate 30% of patients with clefts, the most infrequent was bilateral cleft lip 3.
Cleft lip or palate affects one in 700 babies in the united states and the united kingdom. Cleft lippalate is the fourth most common birth defect in the united states. It may be in the midline center or left and or right side of the lip. The reason for this defect lies in defects normal development of the face within the mothers womb. Cleft lip and cleft palate can each occur alone or together in the same person cleft lip and palate. A cleft lip happens if the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. Your child may have one or both of these conditions at birth. The communication disorders associated with each of these cleft types can vary. Objectivesat the end of the teaching students will beable to acquire the knowledeg regardingthe cleft lip and cleft palate and will beable to provide care to the childrensuffering from the cleft lip and cleft palate. Management of children with cleft lip and palate 5 figure 1 schematic representation of the lip and palate to explain the classi. Some children have a cleft lip or cleft palate because of changes in their genes. Geneenvironment causes of cleft lip or palate request pdf. With an estimated incidence of approximately 1 per 700 live births, clp is quite common.
The main reasons of clefting in infants may be either environmental such as. In clefts, the hard and or soft tissues do not completely develop and close during the first three months of pregnancy. The majority of bilateral cleft lips 86% and unilateral cleft lips 68% are associated with a cleft palate. Normally, the tissues that make up the lip and palate fuse together in the second and third months of pregnancy. Cleft lip and palate is the most common diagnosis 46%, followed by cleft palate alone 33% and then cleft lip alone 21%. Some families have a hereditary form of cleft lip andor palate, meaning that multiple family members have been born with a cleft lip or palate. Among the cleft lip and palate population, the most common diagnosis is cleft lip and palate at 46%, followed by isolated cleft palate at 33%, then isolated cleft lip at 21%. Babies and children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have feeding, speech, hearing and dental problems. A cleft palate can be on one or both sides of the roof of the mouth. The cause of cleft palate and lip isnt known, but doctors believe that the defects occur because of both genetic and environmental factors. Craniofacial defects such as cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common of all birth defects. The commonest form presenting to our unit is a cleft of the palate alone. These faqs are a work in progress and will be added to over time. A cleft palate is an opening or split in the roof of the mouth that occurs when the tissue doesnt fuse together during development in the womb.
Cleft lip and cleft palate american speechlanguage. A cleft lip is an opening extending through the upper lip. A cleft palate occurs when the roof of the mouth does. Feeding methods for children with cleft lip andor palate. A baby can have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both. Toddler years team visits including the craniofacial surgeon every year to 2 years. But in babies with cleft lip and cleft palate, the fusion never takes place or occurs only part way, leaving an opening cleft. Normally, as a baby is developing, the tissues that form the upper lip and palate grow together and eventually fuse. Embryology and epidemiology of cleft lip and palate bent. A unique feature of the book is that it largely consists of longitudinal facial and palatal growth studies of dental casts, photographs, panorexes, and. For most babies with cleft lip andor cleft palate, the reason for the improper fusion is not known.
Introduction a cleft lip and palate is a type of birth defect that affects the upper lip and the roof of the palate. Bilateral complete cleft lip incomplete cleft palate. Approximately 1 out of every 600 babies are born with a cleft opening in the upper lip or palate roof of the mouth. Very often, someone who has a cleft lip also will have a cleft palate. Most scientists believe clefts are due to a combination of genetic and environmental. A cleft palate is a separation of the top of the mouth. May 31, 2019 cleft lip or palate affects one in 700 babies in the united states and the united kingdom. A cleft palate often includes a split cleft in the upper lip cleft lip but can occur without affecting the lip. Jun 05, 2019 cleft lip or palate refers to the separation due to nonfusion of the tissues of the upper lip and palate or roof of the mouth.
What causes cleft lip and cleft palate mending faces. Cleft lip closure 3 to 5 months of age cleft palate closure 9 to 12 months of age stage 5. It includes an overview of the prevalence and environmental and genetic causes of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate. The causes of orofacial clefts among most infants are unknown. A cleft may be just one side of the palate unilateral or both sides bilateral, and may be. Clefts of the lip and or palate clp are common birth defects of complex aetiology. Cleft lip and palate are the most common facial deformity.